21. Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax liabilities arise from temporary differences between the measurement of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the measurement for tax purposes. In particular, deferred tax liabilities mainly refer to temporary differences in the measurement of tangible fixed assets in Germany. In addition, there are a number of other differences in the Netherlands (for entities that do not form part of the fiscal unity) and in Germany that result in deferred tax liabilities and assets.

The movements in deferred tax liabilities in 2024 were as follows:

In millions of euros Tangible fixed assets Financial fixed assets Provision employee benefits Provision for abandonment costs Other Total
             
Balance as at 1 January 2024 160.6 9.7 -12.9 23.8 28.2 209.5
             
Recognition of temporary differences in profit and loss 10.8 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 -31.7 -20.2
Recognition of temporary differences in equity - - 1.2 - - 1.2
             
Balance as at 31 December 2024 171.4 9.5 -11.8 24.9 -3.5 190.5

The deferred tax liability has a term until 2070 and is strictly long term (end of 2023: the same).

The movements in deferred tax liabilities in 2023 were as follows:

In millions of euros Tangible fixed assets Financial fixed assets Provision employee benefits Provision for abandonment costs Other Total
             
Balance as at 1 January 2023 148.6 9.9 -10.4 23.0 -0.9 170.2
             
Acquisition GUFU BBL 6.5 - - - - 6.5
Recognition of temporary differences in profit and loss 5.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.8 29.1 35.3
Recognition of temporary differences in equity - - -2.4 - - -2.4
             
Balance as at 31 December 2023 160.6 9.7 -12.9 23.8 28.2 209.5

See note ‎22 ‘Employee benefits’ for more detailed information on the recognition of temporary differences in equity.